Sensing element
This is an element that is stimulated while in contact with the process and produces an output depending in some way on the measured quantity.
Signal conversion/manipulation/conditioning unit
The output signal of the primary sensing element is some physical variable, such as displacement or voltage. To enable the instrument to perform the desired function, this variable may need to be converted to another more proper variable while keeping the information content of the original signal. The element performs such function is called signal conversion element.
A variable manipulation element performs the task of signal amplification if it necessary for the measurement system.
Signal conditioning unit performs the tasks like attenuating, filtering, isolating etc.
Signal Transmission element
When the functional elements of an instrument are physically separated, data must be transmitted from one to the other. Pneumatic (air) signals transmitted through capillary tube, electrical signal (voltage or current) transmitted through wires, telemetry system transmits signals from one point to other through wire or wirelessly.
Signal processing/storage system
Way of extracting information in a form recognizable by one of the human senses from raw signal is signal processing.
Storing is for future use or analysis.
Data presentation Element
Element that converts the processed data to be sensed by human sensual organs is the presentation element.
